blinknoodle
04-01-2007, 05:10 PM
This FAQ is geared for those in undergrad wanting to learn more about research opportunities. There have been numerous threads, so I have hopefully summarized the major points. Search the forums for more discussion on these topics.
Do I need to do research to get into medical school?
NO! Absolutely not, medical schools accept students from a variety of backgrounds.
Why would I want to do research as an undergrad if medical schools don't need it?
You will find a ton of different reasons students pursue research. First of all, you may enjoy it! It can be a great way to get hands-on experience in a field you find interesting, learning different ways of tackling problems and help you decide whether you would like to continue in this area (grad school, jobs, areas in medicine, etc).
But what IS research?
I suppose one of the biggest myths is that research needs to involve petri dishes and test tubes. Nothing could be further from the truth, although certainly lots of research includes snazzy glassware. Just look around your university to see what kind of research professors are pursuing - don't limit yourself to the life sciences, because there are opportunities as diverse as investigating the sociology of love, the mathematical modelling of vaccination strategies, the perception of different sounds, etc.
When can I do research?
If you are enrolled in an honours program, you will likely be doing a 4th year honours thesis. If you can't wait until 4th year, you can start as you as you find a supervisor that wants you to help out. This can be as early as first year if you are really eager. You can pursue research during the school years or the summers.
How do I find a research project/supervisor?
I recommend figuring out what kind of research you would like to pursue and see who is studying that area at the university you wish to work. Likely if you have an interest in an area, you will have taken some courses so you will already be familiar with who is doing research or know where to look on the web. Pick a few people with similar interests and see what kind of research project they are pursuing or have already published. Then get in contact with them (email, etc) explaining why you would like to work with them and provide your CV. Repeat as you see fit, but the personal approach seem to work best. You can also go the alternative route of finding job postings and seeing which you like the best. Jobs can be posted on hospital job boards, your university's job postings, summer research courses (ie. ROP299Y (http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/undergraduate/course/rop)at Toronto) and there are some specific summer programs geared to students wanting to do research (ie. Sick Kids in Toronto).
How do I get paid?
You won't become rich doing research, that's for sure (not only do you need salary support, but it can also be expensive for all the things you need for your experiments). If you find jobs listed, you can be reasonably certain they will pay you. However, there are different areas to get funding - will your supervisor pay you directly from their grant or would they like to apply for external funding (ie someone else pays you). One of the major funding bodies for undergrad students is NSERC (http://www.nserc.gc.ca/sf_e.asp?nav=sfnav&lbi=1a). NSERC awards are distributed differently at each university, but usually after a researcher in the sciences is willing to hire you, NSERCs are given to students with the highest marks. Your supervisor should know about other awards you can apply for as it usually varies on the scope of the research. Another popular example for cardiovascular research in Ontario are the John D Schultz (http://www.hsf.ca/research/en/provincial-programs/ontario-john-d.-schultz-scient-student-scholarship.html) awards from the Heart and Stroke Foundation.
What if my supervisor has no money to pay me?
I suppose this is always a possibility, especially if your supervisor has already agreed to hire a couple students in the summer. This is where the external scholarships really help (see above). You can also decide whether it would be worthwhile to volunteer for free for decent experience. Don't be surprised if that may not go over well since research takes real dedication and volunteers have limited ties to the work. See if your university offers independent study courses that you can tie in with your research.
What can I expect to do as an undergrad?
It certainly depends on the kind of work you will be doing as well as your research group. It also depends how much time you have to offer. I think the best opportunities are when you have your own project, figuring out how to answer a question and tackling the problem. If you can work 5 hours a week, this may not get you very far. Many times as you learn the ropes, you are teamed up with a grad student who can help you out in the beginning. A summer may seem like a long time to get a project accomplished, but you can spend a size-able chunk of time just getting proficient with your scientific techniques, brushing up on the literature or getting ethics approval. Oftentimes, research is not even 9-5 and can lead to sporadic hours (how I hate 12-hour time points!).
What are publications all about?
There are different kinds of publications, which I will categorize into the published manuscripts you see on pubmed and poster/oral presentations you do at conferences (could also be institutional research days). It is a good experience to present your results from your research, whether at local arenas like a summer student research day or if luckier a bigger regional, national, or international conference. This is usually when you'd give oral or poster presentations or your name would be included on a presentation given by someone else in your research team. It is also possible for your work to be significant to be written in a journal article. If your research is the sole focus of the paper and you write the article, then you are likely be the first author. If your research is only a part of the presented work, you could be included as a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc author. Personally, I think publications are a bonus for doing great research but there is a big element of luck in the process (whether your project had positive results, whether your supervisor likes to include undergrad students on publications, etc). As an undergrad, your goal should be to learn about the project, see whether you enjoy research, etc and NOT to be pushing out publications. Medical schools don't care if you have pubs but they don't hurt if you have them. If you are adamant about writing a paper, talk to your supervisor before your start your project to see if they think that is a realistic goal. Here is a thread where getting published as an undergrad is debated: link (http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21460).
Research Links
General article on medical student publishing from the CMAJ:
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/176/12/1719
Here is a general overview of research programs:
http://www.fmd.uwo.ca/research/newwebsite04/medstudents_nonSRTP.html
Greater Toronto Area
Sick Kids - http://www.sickkids.ca/SSuRe/
IMS - http://www.library.utoronto.ca/ims/programs/summer.htm
Banting/Best - http://www.bbdc.org/fundingOpp/summer.htm
Medical Biophysics - http://medbio.wisst.utoronto.ca/
IBBME - http://www.ibbme.utoronto.ca/programs/undergraduate/summer.htm
Ontario
Genomics - http://www.ontariogenomics.ca/education/ogi_fellowship.asp
Cardiovascular - http://www.hsf.ca/research/en/provincial-programs/ontario-john-d.-schultz-scient-student-scholarship.html
Canada
Canadian Blood Services - http://www.bloodservices.ca/CentreApps/Internet/UW_V502_MainEngine.nsf/page/E_SIP?OpenDocument
Canadian Language and Literacy - http://www.cllrnet.ca/index.php?fa=UGRA.show
RISE (Reactive Intermediates Student Exchange) - http://www.risecanada.ca/
I am sure there are countless others (sorry for those out West and East, let me know and I can add links).
Here are some previous threads on research:
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19240
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=20414
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19971
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19849
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19847
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19732
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19495
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19404
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19342
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19243
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18611
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18646
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18639
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18593
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=239
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=258
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=312
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=343
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=12421
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=12320
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=8354
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3441
Let me know if you'd like anything added to the FAQ.
Do I need to do research to get into medical school?
NO! Absolutely not, medical schools accept students from a variety of backgrounds.
Why would I want to do research as an undergrad if medical schools don't need it?
You will find a ton of different reasons students pursue research. First of all, you may enjoy it! It can be a great way to get hands-on experience in a field you find interesting, learning different ways of tackling problems and help you decide whether you would like to continue in this area (grad school, jobs, areas in medicine, etc).
But what IS research?
I suppose one of the biggest myths is that research needs to involve petri dishes and test tubes. Nothing could be further from the truth, although certainly lots of research includes snazzy glassware. Just look around your university to see what kind of research professors are pursuing - don't limit yourself to the life sciences, because there are opportunities as diverse as investigating the sociology of love, the mathematical modelling of vaccination strategies, the perception of different sounds, etc.
When can I do research?
If you are enrolled in an honours program, you will likely be doing a 4th year honours thesis. If you can't wait until 4th year, you can start as you as you find a supervisor that wants you to help out. This can be as early as first year if you are really eager. You can pursue research during the school years or the summers.
How do I find a research project/supervisor?
I recommend figuring out what kind of research you would like to pursue and see who is studying that area at the university you wish to work. Likely if you have an interest in an area, you will have taken some courses so you will already be familiar with who is doing research or know where to look on the web. Pick a few people with similar interests and see what kind of research project they are pursuing or have already published. Then get in contact with them (email, etc) explaining why you would like to work with them and provide your CV. Repeat as you see fit, but the personal approach seem to work best. You can also go the alternative route of finding job postings and seeing which you like the best. Jobs can be posted on hospital job boards, your university's job postings, summer research courses (ie. ROP299Y (http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/undergraduate/course/rop)at Toronto) and there are some specific summer programs geared to students wanting to do research (ie. Sick Kids in Toronto).
How do I get paid?
You won't become rich doing research, that's for sure (not only do you need salary support, but it can also be expensive for all the things you need for your experiments). If you find jobs listed, you can be reasonably certain they will pay you. However, there are different areas to get funding - will your supervisor pay you directly from their grant or would they like to apply for external funding (ie someone else pays you). One of the major funding bodies for undergrad students is NSERC (http://www.nserc.gc.ca/sf_e.asp?nav=sfnav&lbi=1a). NSERC awards are distributed differently at each university, but usually after a researcher in the sciences is willing to hire you, NSERCs are given to students with the highest marks. Your supervisor should know about other awards you can apply for as it usually varies on the scope of the research. Another popular example for cardiovascular research in Ontario are the John D Schultz (http://www.hsf.ca/research/en/provincial-programs/ontario-john-d.-schultz-scient-student-scholarship.html) awards from the Heart and Stroke Foundation.
What if my supervisor has no money to pay me?
I suppose this is always a possibility, especially if your supervisor has already agreed to hire a couple students in the summer. This is where the external scholarships really help (see above). You can also decide whether it would be worthwhile to volunteer for free for decent experience. Don't be surprised if that may not go over well since research takes real dedication and volunteers have limited ties to the work. See if your university offers independent study courses that you can tie in with your research.
What can I expect to do as an undergrad?
It certainly depends on the kind of work you will be doing as well as your research group. It also depends how much time you have to offer. I think the best opportunities are when you have your own project, figuring out how to answer a question and tackling the problem. If you can work 5 hours a week, this may not get you very far. Many times as you learn the ropes, you are teamed up with a grad student who can help you out in the beginning. A summer may seem like a long time to get a project accomplished, but you can spend a size-able chunk of time just getting proficient with your scientific techniques, brushing up on the literature or getting ethics approval. Oftentimes, research is not even 9-5 and can lead to sporadic hours (how I hate 12-hour time points!).
What are publications all about?
There are different kinds of publications, which I will categorize into the published manuscripts you see on pubmed and poster/oral presentations you do at conferences (could also be institutional research days). It is a good experience to present your results from your research, whether at local arenas like a summer student research day or if luckier a bigger regional, national, or international conference. This is usually when you'd give oral or poster presentations or your name would be included on a presentation given by someone else in your research team. It is also possible for your work to be significant to be written in a journal article. If your research is the sole focus of the paper and you write the article, then you are likely be the first author. If your research is only a part of the presented work, you could be included as a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc author. Personally, I think publications are a bonus for doing great research but there is a big element of luck in the process (whether your project had positive results, whether your supervisor likes to include undergrad students on publications, etc). As an undergrad, your goal should be to learn about the project, see whether you enjoy research, etc and NOT to be pushing out publications. Medical schools don't care if you have pubs but they don't hurt if you have them. If you are adamant about writing a paper, talk to your supervisor before your start your project to see if they think that is a realistic goal. Here is a thread where getting published as an undergrad is debated: link (http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21460).
Research Links
General article on medical student publishing from the CMAJ:
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/176/12/1719
Here is a general overview of research programs:
http://www.fmd.uwo.ca/research/newwebsite04/medstudents_nonSRTP.html
Greater Toronto Area
Sick Kids - http://www.sickkids.ca/SSuRe/
IMS - http://www.library.utoronto.ca/ims/programs/summer.htm
Banting/Best - http://www.bbdc.org/fundingOpp/summer.htm
Medical Biophysics - http://medbio.wisst.utoronto.ca/
IBBME - http://www.ibbme.utoronto.ca/programs/undergraduate/summer.htm
Ontario
Genomics - http://www.ontariogenomics.ca/education/ogi_fellowship.asp
Cardiovascular - http://www.hsf.ca/research/en/provincial-programs/ontario-john-d.-schultz-scient-student-scholarship.html
Canada
Canadian Blood Services - http://www.bloodservices.ca/CentreApps/Internet/UW_V502_MainEngine.nsf/page/E_SIP?OpenDocument
Canadian Language and Literacy - http://www.cllrnet.ca/index.php?fa=UGRA.show
RISE (Reactive Intermediates Student Exchange) - http://www.risecanada.ca/
I am sure there are countless others (sorry for those out West and East, let me know and I can add links).
Here are some previous threads on research:
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19240
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=20414
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19971
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19849
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19847
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19732
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19495
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19404
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19342
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=19243
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18611
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18646
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18639
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=18593
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=239
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=258
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=312
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=343
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=12421
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=12320
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=8354
http://www.premed101.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3441
Let me know if you'd like anything added to the FAQ.